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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	On-farm testing of prereleased sorghum varieties in Botswana
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E. Makhwaje, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 1-5
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO BOTSWANA
Résumé :	In the two seasons of data collection during this initial study, there were no significant yield differences either between prereleased varieties alone or between prereleased varieties and the local control. A further comparison between research and farmer yield results shows a higher yield gap for the prereleased varieties than for the local control. This indicates that, unlike the prereleased varieties, the local control might do almost as well under the worst and the best management conditions. On a yield basis, there is a strong case for farmers to continue using Segaolane but, taking color and taste of porridge as indicators, farmers prefer Macia, suggesting that this variety may be used as a food-crop substitute for Segaolane. SDS 2583, a malting variety with red grain and bitter porridge, is the least preferred by farmers as a food crop. The limited duration of this study means that its results can be regarded as only indicative and , therefore, that more data collection and analysis are needed.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Development of and institutional support systems for sorghum-milling technology
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M.D. Mmapatsi, Auteur ; J.M. Maleke, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 7-18
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO TECHNOLOGIE AGRICOLE BOTSWANA
Résumé :	This paper presents an overview of the process of developing technology aimed at answering a felt need in the market and putting in place institutions that support the targeted technology. A small-scale unit for dehulling and milling sorghum was developed by the Rural Industries Innovation Centre, Botswana for import substitution purposes. It relieves women and children from hand-processing sorghom, thereby releasing their time for alternative productive activities and creating income-earning activities for villagers. The success of the sorghum dehulling technology clearly demonstrates that, alongside good technology, there should be sound facilitatory and backup organizations and institutions to support the technology. The paper contends that, where technology is developed to meet a specific need, with total involvment by the concerned target group, such technology is bound to be successful and sustainable. It is also argued that the development of this unit led not only to creation of employment in rural food processing, but has also created both backward and forward linkages in the rural economy. As it therefore contributes towards household food security, it is recommended that the Botswana government should continue to support such technology development.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Sorghum variety release in Malawi : the case of Pirira 1 and Pirira
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E.M. Chintu, Auteur ; C.F.B. Chigwe, Auteur ; A.B. Obilana, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 19-25
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO MALAWI
Résumé :	The major area of sorghum production in Malawi is the Lower Shire, major constraints to production have been: lack of suitable cultivars, unsatisfactory cultivation practices, drought and pest damage. Current sorghom breeding work has identified new varieties which are superior to those currently being grown. Two new varieties have been tested on-station between 1984/85 and 1992/93 cropping seasons in replicated trials in six environments, compared with other varieties and controls. Their performances have also been verified in 1992/93 in on-farm trials, compared with farmer varieties at eight locations in two districts of Chikwawa and Nsanje in the Lower Shire. Results from these 14 environments provide usable data to confirm superiority of the two elite sorghum varieties tested. Based on significant yield differences (62 and 73% higher grain yield) of the two sorghum varieties relative to PN 3 (in station trials) and (2 and 31% higher yield) relative to LLV Thengalamanga (in on-farm tests), the two varieties from ICRISAT, SPV 351 and SPV 475, were released in Malawi as Pirira 1 and Pirira 2.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	On-farm evaluation of pearl millet varieties in Malawi for farmer preferences, grain yield and food quality traits
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E.M. Chintu, Auteur ; E.S. Monyo, Auteur ; S.C. Gupta, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 27-33
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO MALAWI MILLET PERLE
Résumé :	During the 1993/94 season two types of on-farm trials (research-managed and farm-managed), were conducted in 66 farmers’ fields in the Shire Valley to verify crop performance and to expose new varieties to the farming community. Both trials were implemented by farmers. Three new pearl millet varieties and two controls and farmers’ local landrace varieties (LLV) were evaluated for plant and grain traits preferred by farmers, yield potential and for their acceptability as food. Variety SDMV 89004 had the highest grain yields: 1.95t/ha when research-managed and 1.47t/ha when farmer-managed. Under research-management the three varieties and NC-tall performed similarly and were superior to the LLV used, whereas under farmer-managed trials, the three test varieties produced similar yields that were superior to both NC-tall and the LLV. These results and those from previous years indicate that farmers prefer the new varieties because of their high grain yield, good grain traits and acceptability as food (taste). These varieties will therefore be recommended soon for release in Malawi
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Farmer participation in on-station evaluation of plant and grain traits: the case of pearl millet in Namibia
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	S.A. Ipinge, Auteur ; W.R. Lechner, Auteur ; E.S. Monyo, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 35-42
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO NAMIBIA PEARL MILLET LOCAL LANDRACE VARIETY (LLV)
Résumé :	This study was initiated to develop information for use in breeding improved pearl millet genotypes for Namibia. A select group of farmers was encouraged to participate in on-station evaluation of varieties under test. Each variety was assessed separately and both negative and positive characters were recorded. Five pearl millet varieties which were found promising in the Namibian national pearl millet trial of 1992/93 were sown at the Omahenene Research Station during 1993/94 for evaluation of farmer preferences for plant and grain traits. The five varieties were evaluated against the farmers’ local landrace variety (LLV) and Okashana 1. Based on farmers’ experience, 15 highly preferred plant and grain traits were recorded. Each of the five experimental varieties was assessed for these traits and compared with the farmers’ LLV and Okashana 1. The study concluded that early maturity, grain size and resistance to drought are the most preferred traits for pearl millet under Namibian growing conditions. The most preferred grain trait was palatability, followed by ease of processing (threshability, dehulling and grinding to make flour). Varieties SDMV 92040 and SDMV 90016 were identified as satisfying most farmer requirements. These varieties were as short-duration and drought-tolerant as Okashana 1, produced a better tasting product and were easier to dehull and grind into flour. They were also superior to the farmers’ LLV in all these aspects.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Pearl millet production system (s) in the communal areas of northern Namibia: priority research Foci arising from a diagnostic study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C.M. Matanyaire, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 43-58
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	NAMIBIE MILLET PERLE PRODUCTION AGRICOLE FERTILISATION
Résumé :	Pearl millet is the major crop in northern Namibia where 60% of the population liveand although agricultural research was conducted in these areas during the pre-independence period, the first study to obtain baseline information was conducted in 1993. The study confirmed the predominance of pear millet in northern Namibia with an average sown area per household of 3.5ha. The farmers identify short duration as the most preferred varietal trait above grain yield and research needs to be targeted in line with the farmer’s preferences. Drought was identified as the major constraint on pearl millet production followed by lack of draft power. Farmers do recognize the importance of a good crop stand, early thinning and weeding. The use of manure is widespread while the use of chemical fertilizer is very limited. Research priorities identified in the study include the development of drought-alleviating technologies, development of pearl millet cultivars that meet the farmers' preference and improvement of soil fertility and crop management strategies.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	CULTURE DES PLANTES

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	On-farm evaluation of improved pearl millet varieties in Namibia
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C.M. Matanyaire, Auteur ; S.C. Gupta, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 59-63
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MILLET PERLE NAMIBIE PRODUCTION AGRICOLE
Résumé :	Pearl millet varieties for on-farm testing in Namibia were selected from on-station testing during the 1990/91 and 1991/92 seasons. The on-farm trials were conducted at up to 14 locations in Owambolands and Kavango during the 1992/93 and 1993/94 seasons. During both seasons research-managed farmer-implemented (RMFI) trials were conducted and farmer-managed farmer-implemented (FMFI)trials were also conducted at five locations during the 1993/94 season. Under RMFI trials, Okashana 1 gave higher grain yields over the farmers’ local landrace variety (LLV) in Owambolands. In Kavango the performance of Okashana 1 and the farmers’ LLV control was the same over the last 2 years of testing. Under farmer management all the varieties produced similar yields to the farmers’ LLV, however, in the RMFI trial, varieties responded to fertilizer and Okashana 1 was superior to the farmers’ LLV in respect of grain yield. Without any improvement in crop management practices, there seemed to be a little yield grain from cultivar change. None of the improved varieties under test produced higher grain yield than Okashana 1. The development of pearl millet cultivars needs to be targeted to zones defined as Owambo and Kavango.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Evaluation of crop performance and farmer preference for pearl millet varieties in Tanzania
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E.A. Letayo, Auteur ; H.M. Saadan, Auteur ; S.I. Mndolwa, Auteur
Importance :	p 65-70
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MILLET PERLE TANZANIE RECHERCHE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	This study was caried out to select an improved pearl millet variety acceptable to the farming community of Tanzania, after comparison with farmers’ local landrace varieties (LLVs).21 farmers from three districts participated and improved varieties TSPM 91018 and TSPM 91001, which had been used in national on-station trials for more than three seasons and were found to be promising, were established in the farmers’ fields in three districts in the 1993/94 season. The farmers’ LLV and Serere 17, an improved released variety were included in the Singida district trial for additional comparison. The variety TSPM 91018 was selected by farmers because of its earliness in maturity, long heads, large grain size and high yield. This variety was superior overall to the farmers’ LLV and the improved released variety Serere 17. Across villages in the three districts TSPM 91018 produced 2.31t/ha of grain, 43% more than the farmers’LLV (1.62t/ha). In Dodoma district, where both the farmers’ LLV and Serere 17 were included, the new variety yielded 28% and 48% more respectively. This variety matures about 2 weeks earlier than the farmers’LLV, which gives it an advantage of escaping drought in seasons characterized by the early termination of rains-a normal occurrence in the central plateau of Tanzania.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Farmers’ priorities for new sorghum and pearl millet varieties based on on-farm trials semi-arid Tanzania
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	G. Holtland, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 71-80
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TANZANIE MILLET PERLE SORGHO
Résumé :	In the 1993-94 cropping season, the Mvuni Rural Training Centre (MRTC) conducted on-farm trials with new sorghum and pearl millet varieties in cooperation with the Ilonga research station and the SADC/ICRISAT Sorghum and Millet Improvement Program (SMIP). Postharvest aspects were tested on-station . Taste preferences and farmers’ priorities for further breeding were identified through discussions in selected villages. All new sorghum varieties have poor postharvest qualities. Based on field observations, farmers liked SDS 2293-6 most ans SV1 was found too be similar to the introduced variety Tegemeo to be of interest. Pearl millet variety TSPM 91018 was successful: it outyielded others by more than one-third and has good postharvest characters. TSPM 91001 is too similar to the local variety to be of interest. In general improved pearl millet varieties merit high research priority because this is the most important food crop and it has no postharvest or marketing problems. New and available pearl millet varieties would be an incentive for farmers to further improve the management of their crops. The pure seeds needed could be produced by the MRTC in cooperation with research staff.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Sorghum and pearl millet on-farm research work in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	N. Mangombe, Auteur ; J.N. Mushonga, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 81-88
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE SORGHO MILLET PERLE HYBRIDE
Résumé :	The Department od Research and Specialist Services, jointlywith the Department of Technical and Extension Services and four NGOs, conducted research- and farmer-managed trials of sorghum and pearl millet in Natural Regions IV and V of Zimbabwe in 1992/93. The objectives were to verify the performance of elite lines and to promote released varieties in the communal areas where farmers still plant traditional landrace varieties. In the research-managed farmer-implemented trials farmers were supplied with inputs and agronomic packages whereas in the farmer-managed farmer-implemented trials, farmers used their own cultivation practices. Sorghum hybrids were superior to open-pollinated varieties in both trials. Newly developed open pollinated varieties performed better than released varieties under research rather than farmer management. Both SDMV 89007, a pearl millet variety and SDSH 148, a sorghum hybrid, gave the best yields in both trials. The most preferred varieties by farmers were not necessarily the highest-yielding but had other desirable aspects such as color, grain size, earliness and drought tolerance. Open-pollinated varieties were preferred to hybrids because farmers can retain their seed for sowing in subsequent seasons.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Crop management: nutrients, weeds and rain
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M.D. Clegg, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 91-97
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	GESTION DES CULTURES NUTRIMENTS
Résumé :	Data derived from experiments with sorghum and pearl millet in USA, relative to the amounts of several nutrients that are taken up by different crops, show the effect of added nitrogen and the removal of weeds on yield and water-use efficiency (WUE). For a sorghum yield of 2t/ha, the crop’s annual requirements in t/ha are 60N, 20P and 60K. Rotation with soybean increased the yields of sorghum and pearl millet and additional nitrogen benefits yields. But the cultivation practices of removing competiive weeds and increasing WUE are shown to increase the yields of both crops whether they are grown continuously or in rotation with soybean. WUE gains of between 2.9 and 7.5 kg/ha /mm are reported and complete weed control was found to increase WUE on average by 10 kg/ha/mm. It is concluded that, mainly through the more efficient use of rain, a single application of nonrenewable nutrients and effective weed control can double or triple crop yields.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Response of sorghum genotypes to drought in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	N. Mangombe, Auteur ; L.T. Gono, Auteur ; J.N. Mushonga, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 99-111
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE SORGHO GENOTYPE
Résumé :	This study determined the yield response of 20 sorghum genotypes to late-season drought at Chiredzi and Lucydale over two seasons, Chiredzi is on a clay loam soil in Natural Region V, whereas Lucydale is on a sandy loam soil in Region IV. The 1992/93 season had higher and more evenly distributed rainfall compared to the 1993/94 season, which experienced a late season drought. Genotypes were evaluated for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, plant height, exertion of panicle and 1000-seed mass. At both Chiredzi and Lucydale, sorghum genotypes varied in yield depending on season. Under good rainfall at Chiredzi in 1992/93, NL 803, SV 1, NL 836-2 and NL 265 gave the highest yields. However, under late-season drought conditions in 1993/94, SV 1, NL 535, NL 699 and NL 692 gave the highest yields. At Lucydale, Chibonda, NL 265, NL 836-2 and SV 1 had the highest yields under adequate rainfall in 1992-93, but under late-season drought in 1993/94 season, SV1, SV2, NL 267 and NL 653 had the highest yields. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, exertion of panicle and 1000-seed mass but not days to 50% flowering. Our breeding effort, therefore should aim at developing cultivars that mature early for those areas in which late-season drought is common.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Classification of sorghum races in the southern Africa sorghum germplasm
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.B. Obilana, Auteur ; K.E. Prasada Rao, Auteur ; N. Mangombe, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 113-118
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	AFRIQUE DU SUD RACE DE SORGHO GERMOPLASME
Résumé :	As a component of the characterization of indigenous sorghum germplasm collected in Zimbabwe from the 10 countries, were classified for basic and hybrid races. The race classification exercice identified 5 basic races containing 600 accessions and 10 intermediate hybrid races containing 611 accessions and a wild group (Drummondii) of 6 accessions only. Both basic and hybrid races were found to be almost equally present in the SADC region’s sorghum germplasm.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Influence of soil fertility and soil salinity on the performance of some sorghum genotypes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Denic, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 119-138
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SOL FERTILITE SALINITE GENOTYPE DE SORGHO MOZAMBIQUE
Résumé :	Sorghum is one of the three most important crops in Mozambique. It is grown throughout the country but mainly in northern and central regions. It is sown in diverse soil types, mostly by smallholder farmers. The performance of some sorghum genotypes under increased conditions of acid and saline soil is reported. Several groups of the genotypes were evaluated on acid soil in the central part of the country (Chimoio) and on saline soil in the south (Umbeluzi). There was a large variation in tolerance of both soil acidity (aluminum toxicity) and soil salinity. Many genotypes exhibiting tolerance of soil acidity/aluminum toxicity also demonstrated tolerance of soil salinity. Work on the evaluation and selection of the most suitable genotypes continues.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Pearl millet research in Botswana
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Mogorosi, Auteur
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 139-143
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	BOTSAWANA MILLET PERLE
Résumé :	A variety trial was conducted at three locations in Botswana in the 1993/94 season in which 15 varieties of pearl millet were compared to Serere 6A and the farmers’ local landrace variety (LLV) as controls. The sowing of a demonstration plot at Etsha 8 confirmed that improved varieties SDMV 89004, at a yield of 1267 kg/ha and ICMV 88908 at 798 kg/ha should be considered as pre-release varieties because of their superiority to other test varieties.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Selection gains in pearl millet composites in Zambia
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	F.P. Muuka, Auteur ; Pheru Singh, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 145-152
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZAMBIE MIL A CHANDELLE COMPOSITES
Résumé :	Half-sib and mass selection procedures are employed to improve grain yield and other characters of composites in the Zambian Pearl Millet Improvement Programme. Currently six composites are in different cycles of improvement, four of which formed the basis of the present study. The method used to improve the composites and derive varieties from them under limited physical facilities, resources and skilled technical personnel is described. The test of cycle bulks over 2 years indicated increased grain yield and corresponding plant height without any change in head length and flowering dates over initial bulks. Fourth-cycle bulks of early and medium composites outperformed their original counterparts, giving 4.0% and 2.6% gains per cycle respectively. Similarly, third-cycle dwarf and late composites gave 4.7 and 3.3 % gains per cycle. Medium and late composites showed higher yield potential and are therefore the source of high-yielding varieties. Lubasi, a variety mass-selected from medium composite has been released and ZPMV 90521, which was developed by mass selection from the CO cycle of late composite, is the most promising among the new varieties.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	The potential of local landrace varieties in pearl millet improvement
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E.S. Monyo, Auteur ; S.A. Ipinge, Auteur ; S. Mndolwa, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 153-162
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MIL A CHANDELLE VARIETE DE CANNABIS PERFORMANCE AGRICOLE
Résumé :	This study suggests that considerable potential exists for improving yields through using LLvs available in the region. Some of the gains reported probably arise from the fact that most improved and available varieties are derived from crosses between introduced materials. There is noticeable unrelatedness between these improved varieties and the LLVs which is manifested in the heterosis observed. This is to be expected, because much of the germplasm within the SADC region was collected less than 10 years ago and has therefore not been fully utilized in regional breeding programs. These materials thus represent a valuable source of variability for the future improvement of varieties for use by farmers in the region.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	First results of research on the armored bush cricket (acanthopolus discoidalis) on pearl millet in Namibia : population dynamics, biology and control
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	B. Wohlleber, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 163-172
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ACANTHOPOLUS DISCOIDALIS MIL A CHANDELLE NAMIBIE
Résumé :	Annual attacks by the bush cricket (Acanthopolus discoidalis) cause severe losses in pearl millet producton in Owamboland, Namibia of approximately 10 000t/y, e.g. 30% of the total harvest in 1993. Research in this study is geared to the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) system based on the biology and ecology of the cricket relevant to the socioeconomic environment of communal farmers in Namibia. Understanding of the biology and population dynamics of the cricket should provide adequate knowledge for the development of integrated pest management components with special emphasis on the development of a population forecasting method, then the development of yield loss evaluation methods in farmers’ fields, involving the quantification of development of cultural, biological and chemical control methods. The data reported comprise selected results from second-season trials and are therefore subject to later reassessment.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Methodology for screening sorghum resistance to storage pests
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K. Leuschner, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 173-179
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO RESISTANCE AUX PESTICIDES
Résumé :	To assist plant breeders in obtaining suitable material for screening sorghum resistance to storage insect attack, test grain from a susceptible variety was used to determine the best combination of minimal trial material with optimal infestation. Three masses of 10, 15 and 20g were infested with 10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40 10-day-old adult weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) and with the same quantities of eggs of the grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella). Results are discussed according to progeny output in relation to infestation levels and grain mass. Combinations of 30 weevils and 20g of grain and 40 grain moth eggs and 15g of grain are recommended for use in further resistance screening.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Incidence of sorghum downy mildew in relation to date of sowing in Botswana
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P. Dishipi, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 181-183
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	BOTSWANA SORGHO
Résumé :	The disease incidence due to downy mildew of sorghum induced by Peronosclerspora sorghi in relation to time of sowing for 1993/94 was assessed in the epidemic area of Pandamatenga in Botswana. Fields of sorghum with different downy mildew incidences were obtained by evaluating crops sown at three different dates: Dec, Jan and Feb. The percentage disease incidence was inversely proportional to the sowing date. There was a highly significant negative correlation between percentage of downy mildew incidence and date of sowing. Late-sown crops had a high percentage incidence of sorghum downy mildew disease.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Evaluation of systemic seed dressings for the control of covered kernel smut on sorghum in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E. Mtisi, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 185-188
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	SORGHO ZIMBABWE
Résumé :	Covered kernel smut disease (Sporisorium sorghi) is widespread on sorghum in some areas of Zimbabwe. In the search for control measures, two systemic seed-dressing fungicides: Apron Plus 50 DS and Vitavax WP were evaluated in the field and greenhouse in 1993/94 season. In both experiments the two fungicides were effective in controlling the disease.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Field evaluation of seed-dressing fungicides for the control of sorghum downy mildew in Zambia
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	G.M. Kaula, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 189-193
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZAMBIE SORGHO
Résumé :	Chemical control of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) through the use of seed-dressing fungicides was tested with Apron Plus, Ridomil and thiram applied to seeds of susceptible and resistant sorghums (three hybrids and two varieties) sown in a disease hot-spot in Zambia. Data from the one-season trial were insufficient to be conclusive and it is therefore being continued but initial results show that Apron Plus controlled systemic downy mildew 84% better than the untreated control, with comparative data for Ridomil at 74% and thiram at 13%. A similar trend was observed in the control of local lesions.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Status of striga species in Tanzania : occurrence, distribution and on-farm control packages
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	A.M. Mbwaga, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 195-200
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	TANZANIE STRIGA SORGHO
Résumé :	Striga species are important as endemic pests of cereals, including sorghum, maize and upland rice, grown in the semi-arid tropical and equatorial regions of Tanzania. The distribution of striga species of economic importance in the country has been surveyed and the most frequently-observed species included S. asiatica, S. hermonthica and S. forbesii and each has been found to have a different range, some of which overlap. Farmers interviewed recognized Striga as a major constraint in cereal production and they requested an immediate solution to the problem. Preliminary results from on-farm trials have shown that early-sown cereal crops yielded more than late-sown ones, despite higher Striga infestation in early-sown crops. Sorghum or maize intercropped with coupea (the spreading type) in the same row had the least striga emergence, and the highest sorghum grain yield was obtained from this treatment.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Screening sorghum cultivars for resistance to witchweed (striga asiatica) in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	S. Mabasa, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 201-209
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE SORGHO STRIGA ASIATICA
Résumé :	Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of 17 sorghum cultivars to the parasitic weed striga asiatica between 1991 and 1994. Striga asiatica emerged and flowered within 64 to 105 days from sorghum sowing, the sorghum cultivars SAR 29, 33, 35, and SAR 16 supported low Striga asiatica infestation counts, compared with the recommended cultivars DC 75, SV1 and SV2. Although the SAR cultivars showed considerable resistance to S. asiatica, their grain yields were very low. The cultivars DC 75, SV1 , SV2 and MMSH 413 which were highly infested with S. asiatica, outyielded these resistant cultivars and can probably be described as tolerant of S. asiatica. There is therefore a need to improve the grain yield potential of the SAR cultivars through breeding. The use of resistant sorghum cultivars by farmers is the most feasible control method and the objective of the study is to screen sorghum cultivars for this resistance character.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Fingerprinting of sorghum disease nursery cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Qhobela, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 211-218
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	MALADIE DE SORGHO RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS
Résumé :	Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)markers were used to characterize sorghum cultivars in the SADC/ICRISAT disease nursery. The use of single primers, 10 nucleotides in length and of arbitrary nucleotide sequence resulted in the amplification of DNA fragments that were unique to some cultivars in the disease nursery. Fingerprint images of 10 cultivars are presented and the application of RAPD fingerprinting for the identification of cultivars, the general evaluation of germplasm and the possible improvement of the sorghum breeding program are discussed . It is concluded that genetic marker-based technology can be used to assist researchers in future sorghum breeding work.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Socioeconomic reflections on the development and performance of improved small grains : experiences from Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M.P. Mazhangara, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 219-225
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE SORGHO PETITE GRAINE
Résumé :	This paper outlines the development and the diffusion of new sorghum and millet varieties and documents the setbacks encountered in the process. The paper then reviews the performance of two improved, small grain varieties, PMV 2 (pearl millet) and SV 2 (sorghum), based on various studies that include the initial findings of the SADC/ICRISAT/DR&SS Small Grains Impact-Assessment Study under way in Zimbabwe in 1994. Both varieties were welcomed by farmers because they were high-yielding, of short duration and easy to thresh but farmers found PMV 2 very susceptible to bird damage. Concerning taste, both varieties were rated good but were less preferred to local landrace varieties, and both have limited storability due to their softness. Improved small grains, however, contribute to overall farm profitability. Issues arising from small-grains research in Zimbabwe are identified as (a) reducing the gap between yields obtained from research-managed plots and those of farmers, (b) the need to involve farmers in selecting for plant traits, (c) revitalizing agronomy programs and (d) the need for researchers to take an interest in the technology transfer process.
Numéro du document :	A 10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Promotion of small grains seed production by an NGO in Zimbabwe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	D. Shumba, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 227-234
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	ZIMBABWE PRODUCTION AGRICOLE CEREALE SEMENCE
Résumé :	Hybrid seed has been replacing local landrace varieties (LLVs) grown by small-holder farmers, leading to the disappearance of local germplasm. For its conservation and to increase its availability, participants in the ENDA-Zimbabwe Indigenous Seeds Project have collected the LLV seed of 116 small grains and of 11 open-pollinated maize varieties, and subsequently characterized, selected and improved these LLVs. Seeds have been multiplied for distribution and an exchange program between communal farmers is in operation. Additionally, two sorghum and two pearl millet improved LLVs are being evaluated by Zimbabwe’s Research and Specialist Services. ENDA has subcontracted smallholder farmers to multiply improved varieties of small grains. In 1994 they provided about 90% of the supply of released pearl millet seed in the formal market but an insignificant amount of sorghum seed. Dehulling and grinding technology has been developed and commercialized with 71 systems in place, and meal marketing trials for small grains were started that same year.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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Accompagne Drought-tolerant crops for Southern Africa

Titre :	Studies on sorghum-based products in Botswana
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	O. Ohiokpehai, Auteur ; M. Kebakile, Auteur
Editeur :	ICRISAT
Année de publication :	1996
Importance :	p 235-247
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	SCIENCES AGRICOLES
Mots-clés :	BOTSWANA SORGHO PRODUIT DERIVE DU SORGHO
Résumé :	In order to popularize the use of sorghum and pearl millet in Botswana, attempts were made to produce attractive and ready-to-eat food products from sorghum and millet flour after abrasive milling. Sorghum pasta, instant beer powder, health food powder, fermented sorghum (dry ting) powder and a nonalocoholic ‘malt’drink were produced and evaluated. The production processes were improved to permit the food and beverage product to be prepared in small-scale entreprises for income generation. Also, the unbalanced diet of the most vulnerable in the society was investigated . Sorghum flour-product was fortified with legumes found in Botswana and neighbouring countries and fried or steamed to improve their nutrient intake for growth and development during critical stages to their lives. The study shows that there is potential in the use of sorghum and millet for food and beverage production.
Numéro du document :	A10433/F00 132
Niveau Bibliographique :	2
Bull1 (Theme principale) :	SCIENCES ET PRODUCTION VEGETALES
Bull2 (Theme secondaire) :	SYSTEMES ET MODES DE CULTURE

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